使用fMRI能夠閱讀人的思想 |
| 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2005-09-12 |
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通過使用功能性核磁共振(fMRI)，研究人員報(bào)道說他們向著制造思想閱讀機(jī)器邁出了第一步。 通過使用fMRI掃描觀察受試者大腦血流來測繪大腦活動(dòng)，倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(UCL; UK) 的科學(xué)家能夠說出受試者是否正在思考，甚至在其本人不知道的情況之下。在參加實(shí)驗(yàn)者觀察計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上不同物體歪向右側(cè)或者左側(cè)的時(shí)候，UCL科學(xué)家評估視覺皮層的大腦活動(dòng)。兩秒中的大腦活動(dòng)檢測已經(jīng)足以讓科學(xué)家預(yù)測出志愿者正在觀看的歪向一側(cè)的物體，其準(zhǔn)確性高達(dá)80%。 即使當(dāng)這些物體被偽裝讓志愿者無法看見，他們的大腦活動(dòng)仍然可以被用于預(yù)測這些物體是否存在，提示大腦潛意識機(jī)制能夠記錄這些物體。從被測試者的大腦活動(dòng)中，研究人員可以比其本人更多地知道他看見了什么。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果報(bào)道在2005年4月25日的《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》期刊之上。 UCL的研究人員Geraint Rees 說：“這是邁向能夠閱讀某人思想的第一步。如果我們的研究方法能夠被擴(kuò)大，那樣只要從某人大腦活動(dòng)中就可以預(yù)測某人正在想什么或者看見了什么?？傮w而言，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠用于諸如測謊器之類的東西，但是仍然需要更多的研究。我們必須要搞清楚哪一個(gè)區(qū)域能夠預(yù)測某人在撒謊。這也許與視覺皮層不同，可能不會產(chǎn)生足夠強(qiáng)烈的信號。測謊器同時(shí)必須能夠在不同測試者中使用，我們目前只是根據(jù)單個(gè)測試者的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行預(yù)測。” 這些研究人員報(bào)道他們下一步將研究大腦活動(dòng)是否能夠被用于預(yù)測在時(shí)間變化時(shí)候的意識改變。 Reading Minds with fMRI By utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers reported that they have made the first steps towards constructing a mind-reading device. By plotting brain activity by looking at blood flow in the study participants’ brains on fMRI scans, scientists at the University College London (UCL; UK) could tell what a person was thinking, even when the individual was not conscious of it themselves. The UCL scientists assessed brain activity in the visual cortex while the participants viewed different objects slanted to the right or left on a computer screen. One two-second measurement of brain activity was sufficient for scientists to predict with 80% accuracy which of the two slanted objects the volunteers were seeing. Even when objects were disguised to appear invisible to the volunteer, their brain activity could still be used to predict which of the objects was present, suggesting that unconscious mechanisms in the brain were documenting the object. The researchers could tell more about what had been shown to the individuals from their brain activity then the individuals themselves. The study was published in the April 25, 2005, issue of the journal Nature Neuroscience. “This is the first basic step to reading somebody’s mind. If our approach could be expanded upon, it might be possible to predict what someone was thinking or seeing from their brain activity alone,” said UCL researcher, Dr. Geraint Rees. “In principle, the technique could be applied to a device such as a lie detector but much more research would be needed. You would need to explore which regions of the brain might predict whether someone was lying. These could be very different to the visual cortex and might not carry strong enough signals. A lie detector would also need to generalize across subjects, whereas we were basing our predictions on the brain activity of each individual.” The researchers reported that their next step is to explore whether brain activity can be used to forecast how consciousness changes over time. |
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